For many people, an Orthodox cross is far more than a piece of jewellery: it is a sign of faith, often a christening gift and a lifelong companion. This guide explains what the shapes mean, which inscriptions are common and what to consider when choosing one. Please bear in mind that customs and interpretations vary between regions, parishes and families.
What does the eight-pointed Russian Orthodox cross mean?
The best-known shape in the Russian tradition is the eight-pointed cross. Besides the main beam on which Christ's arms are outstretched, it has two further bars:
- The short upper bar represents the title board that, according to the Gospels, was fixed above Christ's head. In Latin it reads INRI, in Church Slavonic ІНЦІ; very often it bears ЦРЬ СЛВЫ instead.
- The slanted lower bar represents the footrest on which Christ's feet are placed.
There is a widely told explanation for the slant: the end pointing upwards indicates the penitent thief, crucified alongside Christ and promised paradise, while the end pointing down indicates the one who mocked him. The bar is thus read as an image of repentance and judgement. Other interpretations exist too, for example a reference to the diagonal cross of St Andrew, who is especially venerated in Russia.
What other forms of the cross are there?
The four-pointed cross
The simple form with a single crossbar is the oldest and is used throughout Christianity. It is entirely common in Orthodoxy as well, particularly in the Greek tradition, often with arms of equal length.
The six-pointed cross
This form has the slanted footrest in addition to the main beam, but no title board. It was widespread in early Rus' and can still be found on some crosses today.
Cross with a crescent at the base
Some crosses have an upward-facing crescent at the foot. This is a traditional ornament with several interpretations: an anchor of hope, the manger of Bethlehem, the Eucharistic chalice or the ship of the Church. There is no single, universally accepted explanation, and the frequently heard idea that it marks a victory over Islam is regarded by historians as doubtful.
How does an Orthodox cross differ from a Catholic crucifix?
Both depict the crucified Christ, but they follow different artistic traditions. The table below describes typical features; there are many exceptions.
| Feature | Orthodox tradition | Western Catholic tradition |
|---|---|---|
| Nails | usually four, the feet nailed separately side by side | usually three, the feet crossed one over the other |
| Depiction | calm and dignified, Christ as victor over death | often places more emphasis on suffering |
| Crossbars | often eight- or six-pointed | mostly four-pointed |
| Inscription | Church Slavonic or Greek, e.g. ІС ХС | usually Latin INRI |
Which inscriptions appear on an Orthodox cross?
- ІС ХС – the traditional abbreviation of "Jesus Christ", usually on either side of the main beam.
- НИКА – Greek for "conquers"; together with ІС ХС it reads: Jesus Christ conquers.
- ЦРЬ СЛВЫ – short for "Царь Славы", King of Glory, often on the title board.
- «Спаси и сохрани» – "Save and protect", a short prayer found very often on the back of small crosses.
Depending on the design, there may be further abbreviations, for instance referring to the hill of Golgotha. Not every cross carries every inscription.
The baptismal cross: worn beneath clothing
In the Russian Orthodox tradition, a person receives a small cross at baptism, known as the нательный крестик (a cross worn on the body). It is customarily worn under clothing, as a personal sign of faith rather than for display. Many wear it for life. You can read more about customs and gifts in our christening gift guide.
For babies and toddlers, please note: they should not wear a cross on a chain or ribbon at all, except briefly during the ceremony itself under the eyes of adults. Afterwards, take it off and keep it safe until the child is older, because of the risk of choking and strangulation.
Choosing material and size
- 585 gold (red/rose, yellow or white) is durable, keeps its lustre and is well suited to everyday wear.
- 925 sterling silver, also available gold-plated, is a lighter and more affordable option; silver can tarnish over time and is easy to clean.
- Size: for wearing under clothing, small, flat crosses with rounded edges are comfortable. Larger crosses tend to be worn visibly.
Browse our Orthodox crosses, or, if you prefer an image of a saint, our icon pendants.
Which chain suits a cross?
For a cross worn every day, a sturdy chain with a secure clasp matters more than a particularly delicate one. The pendant's bail should match the thickness of the chain. Under clothing, medium lengths are usual so the cross does not peek out at the neckline. Our chain length guide explains which length suits which purpose, and you will find suitable models among our necklaces and chains.
May non-Orthodox people wear an Orthodox cross?
There is no general prohibition. Many Christians of other denominations wear an Orthodox cross, perhaps out of family ties or as a reminder of a journey. From the Church's point of view, however, the cross is a sign of faith rather than a mere accessory, and anyone wearing one should treat it with respect. For personal questions, a conversation with a priest can help, as views differ.